Libra Sanpo 情報館

(北緯 35°01'07.80"　東経 135°44'18.48")

京都市指定史跡 平安宮造酒司跡(へいあんきゅうみきのつかさあと)
　平安時代、国家政治の中枢(ちゅうすう)である平安宮にあった造酒司は、ミキノツカサ・ゾウシュシあるいはサケノツカサとも呼ばれる宮内省(くないしょう)所属の官司(かんし)で、天皇や中宮などに出す供御(くご)及び朝廷(ちょうてい)の諸節会(せちえ)・神事(しんじ)に用いられる酒・醴(あまざけ)・酢などを醸造(じょうぞう)していました。
　造酒司のあった場所は、『宮城図(きゅうじょうず)』(陽明文庫(ようめいぶんこ)蔵)などによると、広さは一町(120m)四方を占め、現在の中京区聚楽廻松下町の京都市生涯学習総合センター（京都アスニー）付近と推定されています。
　『続古事談(ぞくこじだん)』によると、造酒司には大きさの違う醸造用(じょうぞうよう)の大瓶(かめ)が三口あり、それぞれ口の部分二尺(しゃく)程(約60cm)を地表面に出して、下は土中に埋め込んで据えてあったことなどが記されています。
　1978年の京都市社会教育総合センター(当時)の建設に伴う事前発掘調査では倉庫跡を検出しました。この建物跡は、掘立柱(ほったてばしら)構造、規模は方三間(東西6m、南北7.2m)で、柱の痕跡から柱径(はしらけい)は40cm前後に復元できます。構造が均等に柱を配置する総柱(そうばしら)建物であることから、醸造用の米などを保管する高床式倉庫(たかゆかしきそうこ)の遺構と考えられています。柱穴からは少量ですが、平安時代前期の土師器(はじき)、須恵器(すえき)、瓦(かわら)が出土しており、この建物が平安京遷都(せんと)前後の比較的早い段階で建設されていたことが判明しています。
　平安宮跡ではこれまで数多くの発掘調査を実施していますが、全体が市街地化しており、建物跡がまとまって検出した例は極めて少なく、本倉庫跡のように平安京創建期の建物一棟分の遺構が良好な状態で検出できたことは特筆すべきことです。

Kyoto designated Historic Spot
Ruins of Heiankyu Mikinotsukasa (Heian Palace's Brewery)

　Mikinotsukasa was an official brewery of the Imperial Court. It used to make amazake (a sweet drink made from fermented rice) and vinegar as well as alcoholic drinks, such as sake (Japanese rice wine), used for court banquets and religious services.
　According to historical records (e.g., a map of the Palace kept by the Konne family archives, Yomei Bunko), this brewery was located in the neighborhood of the Kyoto ASNY Lifelong Education Center, which is located in Juraku Mawari Matsushitacho, Nakagyo ku, Kyoto).
　According to Zokukojidan (a collection of tales of the early Kamakura period), there were three big brewing bottles embedded into the ground except the mouth of each bottle, which is about 60 centimeters long, exposed above the ground.
　In 1978, the remains of a warehousse were detected as a result of an excavation investigation. The warehouse was of full pillar construction with earth-fast posts, and 6 meters wide from the east to west and 7.2 meters long from the south to north. It is considered that the warehouse was of high floor type used to store cereals, such as rice, for brewing. A few fragments of earthenware (called Hajiki and Sueki) and roof tiles of the early Heian period were unearthed from the pillar holes, which obviously show that this building was constucted in a comparatively early stage of the relocation of the capital to Heiankyo.
　Numbers of investigations of the remains of the Heian Palace were made in the past. There were, however, few cases in which the remains of whole buildings were excavated. It was precious that the remains of the warehouse constructed in early stages of Heiankyo were detected in such a good state. The ruins were so important to the restoration of the Heian Palace that they have been designated as historical relics of Kyoto City.